While "modern agriculture" boasts high productivity, it often simplifies biodiversity, neglects the interactions between organisms, and overlooks their ecological effects. Its productivity stability relies heavily on inputs such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and high-yield varieties. Traditional agriculture, on the other hand, utilizes local biodiversity (species diversity and genetic diversity) and the interactions between organisms to produce food and maintain system stability. Therefore, whether modern agriculture can learn from the experience of traditional agriculture in utilizing biodiversity and transform its industrialized model into one that combines biodiversity utilization with modern technology has attracted attention. Related scholars have studied the characteristics of biodiversity in agricultural systems and the impact of agricultural practices on agricultural biodiversity; reviewed research progress on biodiversity utilization patterns and effects in agricultural systems; and discussed the research needed to utilize biodiversity in modern agricultural systems, namely, how to regionally plan agricultural landscape diversity, how to configure species-diversity-based planting and breeding systems within farmland based on mutualistic relationships between organisms, how to construct field facilities corresponding to biodiversity utilization and develop new agricultural machinery, and how to establish an information-based management system.
Resilience, as an important attribute of socio-ecological systems, is one of the important pathways for complex systems to achieve sustainable development. Building upon existing knowledge and research findings, some researchers have outlined their perspectives on resilience and the concept of agricultural system resilience. This paper then reviews recent domestic and international research progress in three aspects: influencing factors of agricultural system resilience, assessment of agricultural system resilience, and the scale effect of agricultural system resilience research. It summarizes the factors influencing agricultural system resilience from both natural (water, land, and climate) and social (economic conditions, resource management systems, and social characteristics) perspectives, explores the impact of temporal and spatial scales on agricultural system resilience, and summarizes measurement methods for agricultural system resilience from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Furthermore, it points out that future research on agricultural system resilience in China should emphasize multi-scale, multi-process coupled analysis and quantitative analysis, strengthen research on climate change-vulnerable regions outside the semi-arid zone, and pay attention to the role of social factors in agricultural system resilience.
